Stop Writing Criticism!

Stop Writing Criticism!

This website is often mistaken for a blog, but I never think about it that way. To me (and the Oxford dictionary) a ‘blog’ offers personal perspectives on interesting subjects. Criticism – which this platform is dedicated to – offers something neither personal nor ‘interesting’, at least not in any entertaining way. It contributes to the development of critical writing and thinking, in a situation where this is becoming increasingly difficult. Occasionally people fail to understand why that is a problem, and why criticism today is equally necessary and impossible.

Criticism grew up in the 19th century alongside the philosophical strands of positivism and empiricism, as an (I think undeniably) Eurocentric practice that aimed to offer an alternative to the former’s claims to objectivity. Criticism, even when it is authoritative, suggests that there is no one single way to read a play – that assertions do not exist in a space of consensus/dissent, but are ‘contestable’ in argument. Unlike positivism, criticism does not aim to create an understandable and describable reality, but attempts instead to show its contradictions and hidden sides, and ask questions about it. In this, criticism is more like empiricism's continental sister, dialectics, which proposes these contradictions as in-built to the composition of any assertion, and attempts to demonstrate them.

Why is this distinction important? If we look at the phenomenon of ‘cancel culture’ – a term I will use but disagree with – we can see a specific type of dialogue play out: Person A commits an offence, Person B attacks that offence, the mob joins person B and Person A is ‘cancelled’, supposedly a win for the majority. But what is occurring here is only assertion and counter-assertion: there is no ‘contest’ of ideas, there is no argument or examination of any principles, or the difference between them. This becomes more complicated when Person A’s assertion is unambiguously violent – consider a self-identified white supremacist or sexual predator – and in that case, the argument exists that they should be removed from public space (a la the Nuremburg trials). But, inside a critical culture, that would be the case only as an exception.

Criticism is therefore opposed to a generalised cancel culture (even if this is, for me, a ‘straw-man’ idea). I don’t think this is anything to do with protecting a ‘nuanced’ view, to use an idea that is commonly proposed, for example by the open letter circulated in 2020. It is because criticism is exactly the opposite of the situation described above – it is exactly an examination of founding principle, through argument. Why was a work made? Upon what principles was it founded? Are its assertions valid in the context of its presentation (culture)? Exhausted by the perceived contest on the internet, we are becoming worse at asking these necessary questions, and making these demands of ourselves and others.

Thinking about the language of ‘cancel culture’, one identifiable feature is its creation of assumed principles. Maybe you know this from emerging language on the internet: the prevalence of sarcasm and irony, which contain always a silent ‘of course!’ inside a statement, intended to dog whistle to a self-validating audience. This performance of “I’ll just put this here” is undeniably powerful. But it is exactly the language that criticism is designed to un-mask. Criticism and critical thinking carries the objective of examining this gesture: ‘of course!’. 

Tereza Vejvodová’s Delimitation - published on Czech Dance News

I have quite a few dialogues these days with colleagues from the dance world. While my own conception is that I will only ever be as good at writing about dance as I am at dancing - and I have been famously compared to a drunk newborn baby foal with a rhythm problem - I acknowledge that their influence is rubbing off on me and I seem to be getting "better"...

...as I hope can be proven from this recently-published review of Tereza Vejvodová’s fantastic Delimitation, which addresses pandemic alienation - in the context of more general alienations offered by capitalism - through the mechanism of an apartment search in a big city.

https://www.tanecniaktuality.cz/en/emerging-critics/tereza-vejvodova-brings-back-the-human-touch-an-outside-view-of-delimitation

This article's publication follows from a week-long online workshop, part of the program Writing about Dance (in the Time of Corona), which I haven't even had time to write about but greatly appreciated. The workshop saw critics from Prague-based Taneční aktuality (Czech Dance News) and Performing Arts Hub Norway take a group through the basics of writing about dance.

It's difficult for me to read such initiatives as anything but a beacon of light in a context of critical darkness. Writing and reading critically, you notice at the moment a strange and scary - but not unexpected - trend against critical thinking. This lack of appetite can be attributed to a few different things, but it might be summarised like this: creating a work in the performing arts is hard enough at the moment already, without the 'inconveniences' of  some asshole writing about your work. 

Dissecting the European Fairy Tale - A week in Timișoara

 The next week, your correspondent is reporting from Timișoara, Romania, and the project “Centriphery”. This EU project promises to unite a swathe of volunteers from different backgrounds for various workshops, events, and happenings over the month, centred around a public premiere of the work “Everlasting Youth & Life Without End” in Timișoara’s Liberty Square (Piața Libertății). Friday’s open-air premiere is based on the works of Petre Ispirescu, perhaps Romania’s fabled storyteller who collected many folk myths as a publisher in the 1800s while rarely venturing from his hideout in Bucharest.

If it sounds a complicated scenario, it is – the Banat region, of which Timișoara is the unofficial capital, comprises ethnic Serbians, Hungarians, Romanians, and Germans, and spans the first three countries. It’s a very European project, promoting a sort of impossible multicultural situation that absolutely should not function. The choice of Ispirescu as a foundation for this work seems to skew Romanian, however, as he is seen as one of the linguistic founders of today’s Romanian state. Moving Fireplaces is a lead-in project for Timișoara’s anointment as European Capital of Culture 2023 – a cycle which is sure to bring an elevation to this region’s distinct cultural richness.

At this intersection between cultures, states, peripheries and centres, your correspondent hurtles his usual way forward, the squeak of he CFR train soon to be replaced by the incessant drone of Romanian traffic. 

 

 Bringing such a massive project to light is a huge community undertaking, and it may be that your correspondent is more there as a support than a critical voice. Nevertheless, I am , as usual, guided by certain questions: What (deeply embedded) role do folk tales play on the formation of culture? Are they escapable? And in re-creating them for the stage, do we undertake to reproduce the (often undesired) underlying meanings in their construction and ideology? Is returning to the source – as many of these folk tales are first encountered in childhood – a way of re-claiming and re-invigorating them, using the stage as a distancing frame or a mirror for reflection

As the train makes its final lurches in to Timișoara, I can’t help but be reminded of the time an esteemed colleague told me about a Romanian myth where a guy sets his wife in the concrete of the walls to punish her. While there may be radical readings of this action – a feminist perspective might reclaim it by indicating a certain feminisation of the structures, for example. A queer reading might usurp the gender binary by re-casting it as a simple performance of gendered violence deriving from two individuals trapped in their roles, where the expression of a violence patriarchal control is a means of resolving the internal conflicts within, that can only be expressed by a learned violence. Class analysis might read the two as trapped in a sisophysian struggle by their inability to develop authentic solidarity that would overcome their circumstances. But in whichever perspective, the horrific violence against women seems to jump out of the story – suggesting that such myths are the starting point for the cultural normalisation of many political gestures in today’s Romania.

All of which makes taking them on a dangerous game. The next week I look forward to the events, happenings, and meeting the Banatians and their history. Is myth a trap from which one can be released?

Stay tuned!!

Should Faki Festival 24 have happened?

Sitting at my little wine-stained wooden desk in Berlin, it finally feels like there is a bit of time for your correspondent to rest. It's been a long few months, which the absence of writing activity proves. Summer is normally easier in Berlin, but this time seems like an exception - the challenges mount, there is no end to the work, most of it seems urgent, and looking back only seems like a trail of missed opportunities for intervention.

The thing is that, as I have previously mentioned, from my little desk I observe a period in which a particular version or idea of culture dies. Depending on your point of view, this can be an extreme thing or not. What does it matter that performing artists are not able to continue their practice anymore? What does it matter that training has stopped, or that our collective cultural fitness has been lost? Is it a problem that we have forgotten how to talk to each other without a screen, that people have retreated into little bubbles, and the ability to cross those bubbles -  to access spaces and situations that enable that - have been removed?

As much as I might try to navigate around it and produce optimistic and resistant actions, the last 18 months have been a feeling of not only watching much of what I love die, as so many artists give up their traditions and culture becomes a strange surfac-y mix of Netflix, Zoom conferences and live Sport. There's also a heavy sense of despair and fear for this great unknown - what happens when you remove the openness from communities? What happens when they can no longer change? What happens to our resistance when culture and its workers are implored to just roll over and die? What about criticism - what becomes of our critical thinking, when there is nothing to write about - nothing to discuss? Can we reflect anymore on phenomena in our situation? Or are we too close to it, too involved, too intertwined with the headline to even respond with anything other than hot-blooded outrage?

Of course, there are nuances the story I have told here, and many exceptions. But for me, it is difficult to avoid this narrative, and I see it everywhere around me.

Happily, on a purely personal note, things have been going along pretty smoothly and the next period will also see me do quite a bit of writing, which I am excited about. I will detail these projects as they come up. For now, I want to dedicate some writing space to a particular event that has occupied a lot of my thinking lately, and which strikes at a few of the questions I have outlined above.

FAKI FESTIVAL 24: SHOULD IT HAVE HAPPENED?

In December 2020, I was invited to be Artistic Director of Faki Festival 24, the festival I have visited and written about on this platform and others for the last 7 years, and where I claim to have seen the best theatre in Europe. To say this was a dream come true is both an understatement and also an absurdity - it's a festival that is pretty painful to love, being run on few financial resources in a former factory in Zagreb, Croatia. Artists stay in squat-like conditions, perform in makeshift stages or found spaces, and the entire festival is without fees and staffed largely by volunteers. It is 100% dependent on exactly the community togetherness that I have detailed above as being obliterated during the pandemic.

Big Koala, unofficial mascot of Faki Festival 24

Faki Festival 24 - Escape!

The first and only time I applied to Faki Festival Zagreb was in 2014, with a proposal to make a show about Climate Change spoken entirely in Indonesian with no subtitles. I still vividly remember the one-line reply from Artistic Director, Irena Čurik, "Richard you are accepted but we will need to discuss some things soon".

It's still a mantra that holds true in Faki Festival today - 'you are accepted, and we will need to discuss some things soon'. The openness of the festival is one of its key features, and especially at the moment, with so many losing the vital link to culture and togetherness. Through the festival theme of ESCAPE!, Faki has an important role to play in creating the togetherness and cooperation that will show a way out of the pandemic.

As Artistic Director of Faki 24, I will be hanging up my critical writing keyboard temporarily, and migrating activities over to the Artistic Director's Log, lovingly crafted with Vedran Gligio. That can be found here:

https://attack.hr/faki24/

The Open Call, a result of many months of consultation with international arts professionals, is Open until March 5th, and can be found here:

https://attack.hr/faki24-open-call/

See you on the other side!

Your Correspondent

Faki Festival 2020 Wrap

It's a few days into 2021, and as your corespondent was occupied with other things - like trying to get out of Australia somehow - now is the first opportunity I've had to reflect on the amazing experience that was 2020's Faki Festival in the digitized space of Zagreb, Croatia.

I've written a few times now about the devastating impacts of the pandemic on culture. Culture is the best protection against authoritarianism, and so the removal of culture and its associated rituals of assembly, togetherness, and live spectatorship are extremely threatening, in a context where there are already neo-fascist and white supremacist roots growing in the United States and across Europe (for example). The COVID-19 pandemic comes at a moment of extreme geopolitical vulnerability, accelerating and widening inequalities, power systems, and hegemonies. New racisms, class antagonisms and gender aggressions have materialised over the course of the pandemic, and these will inevitably grow as it continues.

As a self-organised and autonomous festival, Faki normally has an important role to play in initiating inclusiveness, togetherness, and connection. That seemed like an impossible task this year, and yet, paradoxically, this made it also more necessary. Over the course of one week, 15 unique works from 10 countries were presented over the festival's unique online platform - the Zone of Control - as well as 3 open workshops. These performances - actually video performance works - were streamed to a global live audience, who were able to interact using live commentary. Following nearly every performance, a Q&A with the artist was presented by me and my critic colleague Jana Perković, taking live questions from the audience about the works they had just seen, and feeding them to the artists themselves. 

 

Screenshot of the 'Zone of Control' open-format online platform. Pictured: Artists Carlota Berzal (ES) and Pablo Cernadas (ARG), Jana Perković in Berlin, and Richard -1 in Ballarat, Australia. Photo: Vedran Gligo

Criticism and Crisis

Considering Taylor Swift has produced 2 albums this year, your correspondent hasn't been nearly as outwardly productive as I would have maybe liked. 

Like many, the beginning of the pandemic brought together a lot of threads of my work, as a crisis that created a long-awaited universal narrative, and forced actual collective, public responses. For once, we couldn't ignore other people on the street. For once, what happened to people in Indonesia, in Taiwan, in Russia, in Djibouti - whatever 'other' country - affected 'us', not only on an abstract level of ethics, but directly. Protective bubbles were suddenly burst, and the outside entered in.

It didn't last long. Soon, the usual war for resources began, the game of blaming, the restoration of conceivable hierarchies based on gender, class, and race. But narratives remained and remain confused, with the state of shock likely to stretch well past the pandemic event itself.

Although I have been outwardly pretty dormant this year, inwardly I have been asking myself deeply the same question, almost like a mantra: What is the role of 'culture' in this state of shock? As I mentioned in earlier writing, culture has been thrown under the bus in many contexts, in a way that has never happened before. Whilst military actions, stock markets, sports, and ski holidays have continued over the pandemic, culture - with its associated rituals of assembly, togetherness, inclusion, and community - has been largely abandoned, in an unprecedented way. Even during World Wars, culture was adapted: theatre artists took to underground cabaret stages, radio dramas, reading stories to each other. Now the constant glow of the Netflix stream seems our only guiding light.

Criticism, and especially theatre criticism, which this writing platform is about, might seem like a strange place to go for answers to these questions. But the discourse around aesthetic objects - plays, art, music - ideally prepares us well for crises such as the pandemic. For one, it ensures that we keep our calm and our focus, that we are not distracted by fear, or panic, that we continue to notice important things even under immense pressure. Complex discourses that acknowledge nuanced international contexts provide vital immunisation against jingoist nationalism and hysterical doublethink that pervade the pandemic and seek to capitalise on anxiety and the need to find comforting, familiar lines. Criticism allows us to see the contradictions in their complexity, that there is at once both one pandemic, and many pandemics: for some, it is a total collapse of the protective forces they trust to keep them safe (borders, military, wealth). For others, whose existence is anyway precarious, it is business as usual: to die by the virus, or from starvation? Does it matter?